5. Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. in Steud. 小扭口藓 xiao niu-kou xian
Nomencl. Bot. 2: 72. 1824. Semibarbula indica (Hook.) Herz. ex Hilp., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 50(2): 626. 1933. Tortula indica Hook., Musci Exot. 2: 135. 1819. Type. India.
Barbula cruegeri Sonder ex C. Müll., Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 618. 1849.
Barbula horrinervis Saito, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 39: 468, f. 43, 1975.
Barbula orientalis (Web.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 409. 1902, hom. illeg. Didymodon orientalis (Web.) Williams, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 572. 1915. Semibarbula orientalis (Web.) Wijk & Marg., Taxon 8: 75. 1959. Trichostomum orientale Web., Arch. Syst. Naturgesch. 1(1): 129. 4 f. 6. 1804.
Barbula tonkinensis (Besch.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 409. 1902. Trichostomum tonkinense Besch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 34: 96. 1887.
Didymodon opacus Thér., Ann. Cryptog. Exot. 5: 173, f. 1–12. 1932. Type. China: Fujian (Fukien), Fu-zhou (Foochow) City, Nan-tai, H. H. Chung 324.
Hydrogonium setschwanicum (Broth.) P.-C. Chen, Hedwigia 80: 246. 1941. Barbula setschwanica Broth., Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 133: 566. 1924. Type. China: Sichuan (Setschwan), Xi-chang Co. (Ningyüen), Handel-Mazzetti 1293 (holotype H).
Hymenostomum malayense Fleisch., Musci Buitenzorg 1: 315, f. 54. 1904.
Trichostomum orientale fo. propagulifera Paris, Rev. Bryol. 28: 38. 1901.
Plants small to medium-sized, 5–17(–25) mm high, yellowish green to dark green, in loose or dense tufts. Stems erect, simple or irregularly branched, often radiculose at base; central strand well differentiated. Leaves contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly ligulate, 1.1–1.6 mm × 0.3–0.5 mm, rounded obtuse at apex; margins entire, plane; costa stout, percurrent or shortly excurrent, coarsely papillose on dorsal surface; upper leaf cells small, usually rounded-quadrate to hexagonal, 10–16 µm × 8–14 µm, rather thin-walled, obscure, multi-papillose or mammillose; basal cells differentiated, rectangular, 16–44 µm × 6–12 µm, smooth, hyaline. Gemmae present in leaf axils. Dioicous. Setae 5–10 mm long; capsules erect, oblong-ovoid to cylindrical; peristome teeth linear, erect, densely papillose; opercula conic -rostrate, with a long, oblique beak.