8. Rhizomnium punctatum (Hedw.) T. Kop. 毛灯藓 mao deng xian
Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5: 143. 1968. Astrophyllum punctatum (Hedw.) Lindb., Musci Scand. 13. 1879. Mnium punctatum Hedw., Sp. Musc. Frond. 193. 1801. Type: Europe.
Mnium pseudopunctatum C. Müll. in Kab., Hedwigia 76: 63. 1936, hom. illeg.
Mnium punctatum var. eupunctatum Kab., Hedwigia 76: 63. 1936.
Plants rather large, dark green to reddish brown, glossy, in loose tufts. Stems erect, 2.5–4.0 cm high, rarely branched, sparsely foliate, with dense rhizoids at base. Leaves rather stiff, thick, not crisped when dry, slightly undulate, broadly obovate, broadly elliptical, 4.0–7.0 mm × 3.5–4.5 mm, narrowed and decurrent at base, rounded-obtuse and apiculate at apex; margins entire, bordered by 3–4 rows of elongate cells; costae ending above mid-leaf, rarely ending just below the apex; leaf cells rather large, pentagonal to hexagonal, ca. 40–50 µm wide, moderately thick-walled, hardly porose, only slightly thickened at corners. Dioicous. Setae solitary, 1.8–4.0 cm long, straight or flexuous, reddish; capsules oblong-ovoid to shortly cylindrical, 3–4 mm × 1.3–1.5 mm, horizontal to pendulous; opercula rostrate.