Tropicos

Details

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Group: Fern Rank: family

Authors:

Herter, Wilhelm (Guillermo) Gustav(o) Franz (Francis(co))

Published In: Revista Sudamericana de Botánica 9: 15. 1949. (Jun 1949) (Revista Sudamer. Bot.)

Annotation: nom. cons.
Type Specimens

T: Dryopteris Adans.

Higher Taxa:

Taxonomy Browser
Concept: details

class: Equisetopsida C. Agardh
subclass: Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & W. Zimm.
order: Polypodiales Link

Projects: Antioquia , Bolivia , Ecuador , GLORIA , IPCN , Madagascar , Madidi Checklist , Mesoamericana , Missouri , MPSA , Palaestina , Paraguay , SNR

Common Names:

Wood Fern Family
- Cronquist, A.J. 1981. Integr. Syst. Class. 1–1262. Columbia University Press, New York.

Keywords: FNA
Images:

Bidault - 669 - Guinea

Diabate - 1322 - Guinea

Martínez - 327 - Panama

Monro - 6171 - Panama

Monro - 6548 - Costa Rica

Solano Peralta - 6172 - Costa Rica

Synonyms

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Aspidiaceae Frank
- Schatz, G. E., S. Andriambololonera, Andrianarivelo, M. W. Callmander, Faranirina, P. P. Lowry, P. B. Phillipson, Rabarimanarivo, J. I. Raharilala, Rajaonary, Rakotonirina, R. H. Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N Ravololomanana, Z.S. Rogers, C.M. Taylor & G. A. Wahlert. 2011. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 0(0): 0–0.

Accepted Names

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References

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Accepted By:

Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & S. Knapp. 1995. Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae. 1: i–xxi, 1–470. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Fl. Mesoamer.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Smith, A. R., K. M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz, P. Korall, H. Schneider & P. Wolff. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55(3): 705–731.

Homonyms

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**Dryopteridaceae Ching Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 10(1): 1–2. 1965. (Acta Phytotax. Sin.)

Subordinate Taxa

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Acropelta T. Nakai Bulletin of the National Science Museum 33: 5. 1953. (Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.)
!Acrophorus C. Presl Tentamen Pteridographiae 93–94, pl. 3, f. 2. 1836. (Tent. Pterid.)
Acrorumohra (H. Itô) H. Itô Nova Flora Japonica 4: 101. 1938. (Nov. Fl. Jap.)
!Adenoderris J. Sm. Historia Filicum 222. 1875. (Hist. Fil.)
Aetopteron Ehrhart ex House American Fern Journal 10: 88. 1920. (Amer. Fern J.)
Allantodiopsis Knowlt. & Maxon 1919.
Amblia C. Presl Tentamen Pteridographiae 184. 1836. (Tent. Pterid.)
!Arachniodes Blume Enumeratio Plantarum Javae 2: 241–242. 1828. (Enum. Pl. Javae)
Arthrobotrys (C. Presl) Lindl. The Vegetable Kingdom 80. 1846. (Veg. Kingd. (ed. 2))
Aspidieae
!Atalopteris Maxon & C. Chr. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 24(2): 55. 1922. (Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.)
!Ataxipteris Holttum Blumea 30(1): 10. 1984. (Blumea)
Bathmium C. Presl ex Link Filicum Species 99, 114. 1841. (Fil. Spec.)
Bolbitideae Pic. Serm. Webbia 23(381):. 1969. (30 Jun 1969) (Webbia)
!Bolbitis Schott Gen. Fil. t. 14. 1834. (Gen. Fil.)
Byrsopteris C.V. Morton American Fern Journal 50(1): 149. 1960. (Amer. Fern J.)
Cardiochlaena Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 5: 314–315. 1852. (Mém. Foug.)
Cheilolepton Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 2(Hist. Acrostich.): 19. 1845. (Mém. Foug.)
!Coveniella M.D. Tindale Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements 39(2): 169, f. 1. 1986. (Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem.)
!Ctenitis (C. Chr.) C. Chr. Manual of Pteridology 544. 1938. (Man. Pteridol.)
!Cyclodium C. Presl Tentamen Pteridographiae 85, pl. 2, f. 20–21. 1836. (Tent. Pterid.)
!Cyrtogonellum Ching Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology : 8(5): 327–328. 1938. (Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot.)
Cyrtogonium J. Sm. Journal of Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Miscellany 4: 154. 1842. (J. Bot. (Hooker))
!Cyrtomidictyum Ching Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology : 10(3): 182. 1940. (Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot.)
Cyrtomium C. Presl Tentamen Pteridographiae 86, pl. 2, f. 26. 1836. (Tent. Pterid.)
!Diacalpe Blume Enumeratio Plantarum Javae 2: 241. 1828. (Enum. Pl. Javae)
Dichasium (A. Braun) Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 5: 302. 1852. (Mém. Foug.)
Diclisodon T. Moore Index Filicum XCV. 1857. (Index Fil.)
Dictyoglossum Sm. Botanical Magazine 72(Comp.): 18. 1846. (Bot. Mag.)
!Didymochlaena Desv. Magazin für die Neuesten Entdeckungen in der Gesammten Naturkunde, Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 5: 303. 1811. (Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin)
Dorcapteris C. Presl Abhandlungen der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, ser. 5 6: 526–527. 1851. (Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5)
Dracoglossum Christenh. Thaiszia 17(1–2): 3–7. 2007. (5 Dec 2007) (Thaiszia)
**Driopteris Raf. Med. Fl. 1: 32. 1828. (Med. Fl.)
!Dryopolystichum Copel. Gen. Filicum 125. 1947. (Gen. Filicum)
!Dryopsis Holttum & P.J. Edwards Kew Bulletin 41(1): 179. 1986. (Kew Bull.)
Dryopteridoideae Link Filicum Species 116. 1841. (3-10 Sep 1841) (Fil. Spec.)
!Dryopteris Adans. Familles des Plantes 2: 20. 1763. (Fam. Pl.)
Edanyoa Copel. Philipp. J. Sci. 81: 22. 1952. (Philipp. J. Sci.)
Egenolfia Schott Gen. Fil. 4. 1836. (Gen. Fil.)
!Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm. Journal of Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Miscellany 4: 148. 1842. (J. Bot. (Hooker))
*Filix Ludw. Institutiones Historico-Physicae Regni Vegetabilis 142. 1757. (Inst. Regn. Veg. (ed. 2))
*Filix Ség. Plantae Veronenses 3: 53. 1754. (Pl. Veron.)
Filix-mas Hill ex Farw. American Midland Naturalist 12: 235, 253. 1931. (Amer. Midl. Naturalist)
Grammatosorus Regel Gartenflora 15: 336. 1867. (Gartenflora)
Hemesteum H. Lév. Flore du Kouy-Tchéou 496. 1915. (Fl. Kouy-Tchéou)
**Hemesteum Newman Phytologist: a popular botanical miscellany 4(1, App.): XXI. 1851. (Phytologist)
*Hemicardion Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 5(Gen. Filicum): 282. 1852. (Mém. Foug.)
!Heteroneuron Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 2(Hist. Acrostich.): 20. 1845. (Mém. Foug.)
Heteroneurum C. Presl Abhandlungen der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, ser. 5 6: 528–529. 1851. (Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5)
*Hyopeltis Michx. ex Hitchc. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest 1: 87. 1969. (Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W.)
*Hypopeltis Michx. Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 266. 1803. (Fl. Bor.-Amer.)
!Jenkinsia Hook. Genera Filicum , t. 75B. 1841. (Gen. Fil.)
*Lastraea Bocher Flora of Greenland 1: 31. 1968. (Flora of Greenland)
!Lastreopsis Ching Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology : 8(4): 157–159. 1938. (Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot.)
Lenda Koidz. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 5: 142. 1936. (Acta Phytotax. Geobot.)
Leptorumohra (H. Itô) H. Itô Nova Flora Japonica 4: 118–119. 1938. (Nov. Fl. Jap.)
!Lithostegia Ching Sinensia 4(1): 2–5, t. 1. 1933. (Sinensia)
!Lomagramma J. Sm. Journal of Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Miscellany 3: 402. 1841. (J. Bot. (Hooker))
Lophodium Newman Phytologist: a popular botanical miscellany 4: 371. 1851. (Phytologist)
!Maxonia C. Chr. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 66(9): 3. 1916. (Smithsonian Misc. Collect.)
!Megalastrum Holttum Gardens' Bulletin 39(2): 161. 1986. (Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem., ser. 3,)
Mickelia R.C. Moran, Labiak & Sundue Brittonia 62(4): 338(–339). 2010. (Brittonia)
Microbrochis C. Presl Abhandlungen der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, ser. 5 6: 411–412. 1851. (Oct 1851) (Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5)
*Microchlaena Ching Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology : 8(5): 322–325. 1938. (Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot.)
*Monochlaena Gaudich. Voyage autour du Monde, entrepris par Ordre du Roi,... 340. 1828. (Dec 1828) (Voy. Monde Bot.- Uranie)
!Nephrodium Marthe ex Michx. Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 266. 1803. (19 Mar 1803) (Fl. Bor.-Amer.)
!Nothoperanema (Tagawa) Ching Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 11(1): 25–26. 1966. (Acta Phytotax. Sin.)
!Olfersia Raddi Opuscoli scientifici d'una Società di professori della Pontifical Università di Bologna 3: 283, t. 11, f. b. 1819. (Opusc. Sci.)
Papuapteris C. Chr. Brittonia 2: 300. 1937. (Brittonia)
Parapolystichum (Keyserl.) Ching Sunyatsenia 5: 239. 1940. (Sunyatsenia)
Peltapteris Link Filicum Species 147. 1841. (Fil. Spec.)
**Peltochlaena Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 5: 289. 1852. (Mém. Foug.)
!Peranema D. Don Prodromus Florae Nepalensis 12. 1825. (1 Feb 1825) (Prodr. Fl. Nepal.)
Peranemateae C. Presl Abhandlungen der Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, nebst der Geschichte derselben 5: 64. 1836. (Abh. Böhm. Ges. Wiss.)
*Peronema Kaulf. Flora 12: 340. 1829. (Flora)
!Phanerophlebia C. Presl Tentamen Pteridographiae 84–85, pl. 2, f. 19. 1836. (Tent. Pterid.)
Phanerophlebiopsis Ching Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 10(2): 115. 1965. (Acta Phytotax. Sin.)
Phlebiogonium Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 5(Gen. Filicum): 314. 1852. (Mém. Foug.)
Physematieae
Plecosorus Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 5: 150, t. 13A. 1852. (Mém. Foug.)
Podopeltis Fée Memoires sur les Families des Fougeres, Gen. Filic. 5(Gen. Filicum): 286. 1852. (Mem. Foug., Gen. Filic.)
Poecilopteris C. Presl Tentamen Pteridographiae 241–242, pl. 10, f. 18–19. 1836. (Tent. Pterid.)
!Polybotrya Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Species Plantarum. Editio quarta 5(1): 99. 1810. (25-27 Jan 1810) (Sp. Pl.)
Polydictyum C. Presl Epimeliae Botanicae 52. 1851. (Epim. Bot.)
!Polystichopsis (J. Sm.) Holttum Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 53(350): 149, 152. 1947. (J. Linn. Soc., Bot.)
!Polystichum Roth Tentamen Florae Germanicae 3(1): 31, 69–70. 1800. (Tent. Fl. Germ.)
*Pteretis Raf. American monthly magazine and critical review 2: 268. 1818. (Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev.)
!Pterilis Raf. American monthly magazine and critical review 4: 195. 1819. (Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev.)
*Pteritis A.E. Porsild & et al. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northwest Territories Canada 1: 12. 1968. (Vasc. Pl. Continental Northw. Terr. Canada)
Pycnopteris T. Moore The Gardeners' Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette 1855: 468. 1855. (Gard. Chron.)
!Quercifilix Copel. Philippine Journal of Science 37(4): 408. 1928. (Philipp. J. Sci.)
Revwattsia D.L. Jones Flora of Australia 48: 711. 1998. (Fl. Australia)
*Rhipidopteris Schott ex Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 2(Hist. Acrostich.): 14. 1845. (Mém. Foug.)
Rumhora Desv. Me}m. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 262. 1827. (Me}m. Soc. Linn. Paris)
!Rumohra Raddi Opuscoli scientifici d'una Società di professori della Pontifical Università di Bologna 3: 290. 1819. (Opusc. Sci.)
Sagenopteris Trevis. Herbarium Cryptogamicum Trevisianum 12. 1851. (Herb. Crypt. Trevis.)
Sorolepidium Christ Botanical Gazette 51(5): 350. 1911. (Bot. Gaz.)
Soromanes Fée Mémoires sur les Familles des Fougères 2(Hist. Acrostich.): 16. 1845. (Mém. Foug.)
*Sphaeropteris R. Br. ex Wall. Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 1: 41. 1830. (Pl. Asiat. Rar.)
Sphaeropteris barbata Wall. Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 1: 42, t. 48. 1830. (Pl. Asiat. Rar.)
**Sphaeropteris hookeriana Wall. A Numerical List of Dried Specimens 775. 1828. (Numer. List)
Stenolepia Alderw. Bulletin du Département de l'Agriculture aux Indes Néerlandaises 27: 45. 1909. (Bull. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl.)
!Stigmatopteris C. Chr. Botanisk Tidsskrift 29: 292. 1909. (Bot. Tidsskr.)
*Struthiopteris Willd. Enumeratio Plantarum Horti Botanici Berolinensis, . . . 2: 1071. 1809. (Enum. Pl.)
*Struthiopteris Hall.
!Tectaridium Copel. Philippine Journal of Science 30: 329. 1926. (Philipp. J. Sci.)
Tegularia Reinw. Sylloge Plantarum Novarum 2: 3. 1828[1825]. (before end Nov 1825) (Syll. Pl. Nov.)
!Teratophyllum Mettenius ex Kuhn Annales Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavi 4: 296. 1870. (Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi)
**Thelipteris Raf. Medical Flora 1: 32. 1828. (Med. Fl.)
Trichiocarpa (Hook.) J. Sm. Cat. Ferns Gard. Kew 7. 1856. (Cat. Ferns Gard. Kew)
!Trichoneuron Ching Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 10(2): 118–120, pl. 22. 1965. (Acta Phytotax. Sin.)

Specimens

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Include specimens whose determinations have a qualifier
Include cultivated specimens
Include specimens for basionym and other combinations
Specimen coordinates enclosed in square brackets [ ] have been approximated based on political units.

Africa & Madagascar
- Ethiopia Bale: 2072 m, 06°53'10"N 040°18'35"E, 24 December 2009, Rainer W. Bussmann, P. Swartzinski & A. Worede 16270 (MO)
- Guinea Nzérékoré, Lola: 1655 m, 07°39'20"N 008°22'54"W, 1 juillet 2012, Ehoarn Bidault & Moussa Diabate 669 (BR, MO, P, SERG, WAG)
- Guinea Nzérékoré, Lola: 901 m, 07°40'24"N 008°23'40"W, 22 juin 2012, Moussa Diabate, Ehoarn Bidault, Tariq Stévart, Jean Yves Serein & Gononan Traore 1322 (MO, P, SERG, WAG)
Asia
- Laos Champasak: 1000 m, 15°23'46"N 106°18'45"E, 22 October 2011, Wu Su-Gong, X. Gong, Ding Bo, Onevilay Souliya & Khamphanh Thepkaysone WS-2442 (KUN, MO)
- Vietnam : 1100 - 1250 m, 11°52'18"N 108°01'37"E, 12 Nov 2006, Wu WP-1584 (KUN)
- Vietnam Tuyen Quang: 140 m, 22°21'14"N 105°25'11"E, 16 June 2002, P.K. Lôc, J.C. Regalado, H. V. Chat, D. H. Chung, N. A. Duc, D. D. Huu, P. N. Luan, D. V. Sy & V. H. Van HLF5 (MO)
Mesoamerica
- Costa Rica Alajuela: 329 m, 10°23'24"N 084°36'13"W, 04 May 2009, Rainer W. Bussmann, Rafael A. Ocampo S., T. Newmark, S. Newmark, Ashley Glenn, S. Farrell, J. L. Muñoz-Peréz, A. Eisenmenger & M. Mudd 15315 (MO)
- Costa Rica Alajuela: 329 m, 10°23'24"N 084°36'13"W, 04 May 2009, Rainer W. Bussmann, Rafael A. Ocampo S., T. Newmark, S. Newmark, Ashley Glenn, S. Farrell, J. L. Muñoz-Peréz, A. Eisenmenger & M. Mudd 15340 (MO)
- Costa Rica Limón: Bananito Lodge, 130 m, 09°49'03"N 083°04'18"W, 25 March 2010, Daniel Solano, Nelson Zamora V. & Alex K. Monro 6172
- Costa Rica Limón: Bajo Asidbeta La Amistad, 2700 m, 09°07'09"N 082°57'12"W, 17 February 2012, Alex K. Monro, Daniel Santamaría Aguilar, N.A. Brummitt & Tom Simpson 7312
- Costa Rica Limón: Cerro Hoffmann La Amistad, 2600 m, 09°05'49"N 082°58'41"W, 18 February 2012, Daniel Santamaría Aguilar, Alex K. Monro, N.A. Brummitt & Tom Simpson 9321
- Mexico Chiapas, Acacoyagua: 1400 m, 15°25'30"N 093°38'00"W, 28 Aug 1995, Miguel A. Pérez-Farrera 722 (MO)
- Panama Bocas del Toro: La Pata del Cedro, 1500 m, 09°03'58"N 082°43'56"W, 09 Mar 2004, Alex K. Monro & Evelio Alfaro 4290
- Panama Bocas del Toro, Changuinola: Falso Fabrega PILA, 1060 m, 09°09'48"N 082°40'17"W, 03 August 2008, Alex K. Monro, Nelson Zamora V. & I. Tejada 6171
South America
- Bolivia Cochabamba, Carrasco: Diampampa, 2000 m, 17°40'53"S 064°41'05"W, 04 Septiembre 2003, Fernandez, E. & et al. 2351 (BOLV)
- Bolivia Santa Cruz, Manuel Maria Caballero: Chua Kocha, 2195-2370 m, 17°48'48"S 064°42'54"W, 02 06 2003, Erika Fernández & et al. 1703 (BOLV)
- Peru Amazonas, Chachapoyas: 2583 m, 06°45'33"S 077°48'11"W, 27 June 2009, Rainer W. Bussmann, Carlos Vega Ocaña, R. Wagter & J. E. Briones O. 15840 (MO)
- Peru Amazonas, Chachapoyas: 3800 - 4050 m, 06°53'53"S 077°43'20"W, 29 June 2009, Rainer W. Bussmann, J. Gruhn, R. Wagter, J. E. Briones O. & Willymeza Espinoza 15881 (MO)
- Peru Amazonas, Chachapoyas: 3800 - 4050 m, 06°53'53"S 077°43'20"W, 29 June 2009, Rainer W. Bussmann, J. Gruhn, R. Wagter, J. E. Briones O. & Willymeza Espinoza 15885 (MO)
- Peru Amazonas, Chachapoyas: 3800 - 4050 m, 06°53'53"S 077°43'20"W, 29 June 2009, Rainer W. Bussmann, J. Gruhn, R. Wagter, J. E. Briones O. & Willymeza Espinoza 15887 (MO)
- Peru Amazonas, Chachapoyas: 1580 m, 06°42'02"S 077°35'11"W, 22 June 2009, J. Gruhn, Rainer W. Bussmann, Ashley Glenn, J. E. Briones O., H. Briones Z. & W. Espinoza 127 (MO)
- Peru Amazonas, Chachapoyas: 3200 - 3300 m, 06°49'04"S 077°43'01"W, 27 June 2010, Ashley Glenn, Rainer W. Bussmann, G. Chait & Carlos Vega Ocaña 439 (MO)
- Peru Amazonas, Chachapoyas: 3400 - 3300 m, 06°49'18"S 077°44'00"W, 04 July 2010, Rainer W. Bussmann, Ashley Glenn, G. Chait & Carlos Vega Ocaña 16641 (MO)
- Peru La Libertad: 890 m, 06°59'30"S 077°54'46"W, 25 October 2012, Rainer W. Bussmann, Narel Paniagua Zambrana, Carlos Vega Ocaña & Carolina Téllez 17342 (MO)
- Peru La Libertad, Bolivar: 3200 m, 07°01'46"S 077°47'02"W, 17 May 2011, Rainer W. Bussmann, Narel Paniagua Zambrana, Carlos Vega Ocaña & F. Díaz Vega 16971 (MO)
- Peru La Libertad, Bolivar: 2450 - 2500 m, 06°58'24"S 077°52'29"W, 12 July 2010, Ashley Glenn, Rainer W. Bussmann, Carlos Vega Ocaña, G. Chait & F. Díaz Vega 576 (MO)
- Peru La Libertad, Bolivar: 2450 - 2500 m, 06°58'24"S 077°52'29"W, 12 July 2010, Ashley Glenn, Rainer W. Bussmann, Carlos Vega Ocaña, G. Chait & F. Díaz Vega 586 (MO)
- Peru La Libertad, Bolivar: 2450 - 2500 m, 06°58'24"S 077°52'29"W, 12 July 2010, Ashley Glenn, Rainer W. Bussmann, Carlos Vega Ocaña, G. Chait & F. Díaz Vega 593 (MO)
- Peru La Libertad, Bolivar: 2450 - 2500 m, 06°58'24"S 077°52'29"W, 12 July 2010, Ashley Glenn, Rainer W. Bussmann, Carlos Vega Ocaña, G. Chait & F. Díaz Vega 595 (MO)
- Peru Pasco, Oxapampa: 1006 m, 10°33'39"S 075°33'39"W, 27 June 2007, R. Vásquez, Abel Monteagudo, Antonio Peña & J.L. Mateo 32542 (HOXA, MO, USM)

Literature Based Distribution

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Mapping will be based on a standard reference mark based on political units when available.

South America
- Colombia Antioquia: Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9–939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.