1b. Cratoneuron filicinum var. atrovirens (Brid.) Ochyra 牛角藓宽肋变种 niu jiao xian kuan le bian zhong
J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 67: 210. 1989. Hypnum vallis-clausae Brid. var. atrovirens Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 534. 1827. Type: Europe.
Plants rather robust, coarse, yellowish green or dark brownish green, in dense mats. Stems erect-ascending, 3–10 cm long, irregularly or regularly pinnately branched; stem round to elliptical in cross section; cortical cells small, thick-walled, in 3–5 layers; central strand weakly differentiated; paraphyllia few, foliose, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate. Leaves on older stems or branches usually denuded, bare costa left by erosion of lamina. Stem leaves erect, lanceolate, 2–3 mm long; margins serrulate or entire; costae yellowish, strong, thick, 100–140 µm wide at the base, usually long-excurrent; median leaf cells shortly oblong to oblong-rhomboidal, 20–30 µm × 6–8 µm; alar cells enlarged, usually yellowish brown, somewhat thin-walled, oblong-rhomboidal. Sporophytes not seen.