Tropicos

PERU

República del Perú

Area: 1,285,220 square kilometers (sightly smaller than Alaska). Third largest country in South America.

moss

Geography and Vegetation: ----

Vascular Plant Diversity: 19,232 species, 2,635 genera, 242 families (Jørgensen et al. 2011).

Bryophyte Diversity: Hepatics 509+, Mosses 775 species.

Generic Endemisim: The following four moss genera are endemic to Peru, all are monospecific.

Aligrimmia R. S. Williams - Grimmiaceae: A. peruviana R. S. Williams is presently known from only two collections, both from the region of Arequipa, on rocks in open montane at elevations from 2250-2700 m.

Coscinodontella R. S. Williams - Grimmiaceae: C. bryanii R. S. Williams is apparently only known from the type collected in 1923. This species is found in dry open montane, on soil or soil covered rocks.

Leptodontiella R.H. Zander & E.H. Hegew. - Pottiaceae: L. apiculata (R.H. Zander) R.H. Zander & E.H. Hegew., previously included in Leptodontium, is found on branches of shrubs and trees and on rocks in open or shrubby montane at elevations from 600-4235 m.

Pseudohyophila Hilp. - Dicranaceae: P. peruviana (R.S. Williams) Hilp. is only known from the origianl type collection made in 1902 in the puna at an elevation of 3820 m, found on sandstone.

Species Endemism. Estimated number of endemic mosses for Peru - 31; including Crossidium rosei R. S. Williams.

Floristic Coverage: The puna and the Amazonian lowland are moderately well know, at least in terms of diversity, not in coverage. Areas in most need of inventory are the eastern montane forest (containing the highest diversity), probably also semi-dry and dry forest area particularly in the southern region.

TROPICOS: 4995+ bryophytes.

Infrastructure: Herbaria include:

CUZ (Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco). The number of bryophyte collections unknown.

HUT (Herbarium Truxillense, Universidad Nacional de La Libertad-Trujillo).The number of bryophyte collections unknown.

USM (Herbario, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos). The largest general herbarium in Peru. The number of bryophyte collections ca. XXX.

Collectors: Hegewalds – see the following web page: http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/tropicos/most/staff/price/hege.html#B

Floristic and Ecological Moss Literature for Peru

Allen, B. H. 1988. A contribution to the moss flora of Peru, including a new species of Dicranum. Bryologist 91: 91-94.
Ayala, F. 1970. Lista de briofitas de las lomas de Trujillo. Bol. Sco. Bot. La Libertad 2: 45-51.
Brotherus, V. F. 1913. Musci frondosi. Pages 174-179. In: J. Perkins (ed.), Beiträge zur Flora von Bolivia. Botanische Jahrbücher für systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 49: 170-233.
Brotherus, V. F. 1920a. Musci Weberbaueriani. Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. 56: 1-22.
Brotherus, V. F. 1931. Neue exotische Laubmoose. Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 8: 399-406. [Peru, Venezuela]
Carillo, E. & M. Chanco. 1971. Algunas bryophyta de Lima y alrededores. Raymondiana 4: 99-118.
Deguchi, H. 1987. Studies on some Peruvian species of the Grimmiaceae (Musci, Bryophyta). Pages 19-74. In: H. Inoue (ed.), Studies on Cryptogams in Southern Peru. Tokai University Press, Tokyo.
Frey, W. (ed.). 1987. Moosflora und -vegetation in Regenwäldern NO-Perus. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 88: 1-159.
Hampe, E. 1865. Musci novi, quos in Peruviae meridionalis orientalis provincia Carabaya legit Dr. J. K. Hasskarl. Flora 48: 580-582.
Hegewald, E. 1975a. Beitrag zur Moosflora von Peru I. Bryomanginia saint-pierrei - neu für Südamerika. Bryologist 77: 641-643.
Hegewald, E. 1975b. Beitrag zur Moosflora von Peru II. Rhabdoweisia, Amphidium, Dicranum. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 39: 35-38.
Hegewald, E. & P. Hegewald. 1977a. Eine Moossammlung aus Peru I. Nova Hedwigia 28: 731-758.
Hegewald, E. & P. Hegewald. 1977b. Beitrag zur Moosflora von Peru II. Campylopus. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 43: 73-80.
Hegewald, E. & P. Hegewald. 1985. Eine Moossammlung uas Peru III. Nova Hedwigia 41: 219-271.
Hegewald, P. & E. Hegewald. 1975. Verzeichnis der Laubmoose von Peru nach Literaturangaben. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 39: 39-66.
Herzog, T. 1934. Die Bryophyten der Andenreisen von C. Troll. Musci. Hedwigia 74: 97-114.
Herzog, T. 1938. Bryophyten aus den Hochanden von Peru. Feddes Repert. 45: 44-48.
Herzog, T. 1939. Melophyllum Herz., eine neue Laubmoosgattung der Hochanden von Peru. Feddes Repert. 47: 98-100.
Herzog, T. 1949[1950]. Miscellanea Bryologica I. Neotropica. Memoranda Soc.Fauna Fl. Fenn. 25: 43-72.
Herzog, T. 1951. Miscellanea Bryologica III. Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 27: 92-110.
Kürschner, H. & G. Parolly. 1998a. Stammepiphytische Moosgesellschaften am Andenostabhang und im Amazonas-Tiefland von Nord-Peru. Nova Hedwigia 66: 1-87. [Hepatics: 16 families, 41 genera, 125 species; mosses: 18 families, 41 genera, 65 species]
Kürschner, H. & G. Parolly. 1998b. Lebensstrategien stammepiphytischer Moose in Regenwäldern am Andenostabhang und im Amazonas-Tiefland von Nord-Peru. Nova Hedwigia 67: 1-22.
Kürschner, H. & G. Parolly. 1998c. Lebensformen und Adaptationen zur Wasserleitung und Wasserspeicherung in epiphytischen Moosgesellschaften Nord-Perus (Amazonas-Tiefland, Cordillera Oriental, Cordillera Central). Nova Hedwigia 67: 349-379.
Majestyk, P. & J. P. Janovec. 2004. Contributions to the moss flora of the amzaonian lowlands of Madre De Dios, Peru. Sida 21: 1231-1238.
Menzel, M. 1985b [1986]. Beitrag zur andinen Laubmoosflora von Peru. Willdenowia 15: 529-555.
Menzel, M. 1986b. Studies on Peruvian Bryophytes I. A recent collection of mosses from the forests and some general distributional notes. Willdenowia 16: 259-268.
Menzel, M. 1992. Preliminary checklist of the mosses of Peru (Studies on Peruvian Bryophytes IV.). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 71: 175-254.
Menzel, M. & W. Schultze-Motel. 1987a. Studies on Peruvian Bryophytes II. The mosses collected by Antonio Raimondi between the years 1868 and 1879. Willdenowia 16: 511-525.
Menzel, M. & W. Schultze-Motel. 1987b. Studies on Peruvian Bryophytes III. Phytogeographic analysis of the distribution patterns of Musci. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 45: 371-387.
Opisso, J. 2000. Estudio preliminar de los Briófitos del distrito de Pomahuaca, Jaén. Cajamarca. Libro de Resúmenes del VIII Congreso Nacional de Botnica. Arequipa.
Opisso Mejía, J. A. 2001. Contribución al Conocimiento de los Musgos Pleurocrpicos de la Provincia de San Ignacio (Cajamarca). x + 112 pp. [Thesis]
Opisso Mejía, J. A. 2003. Briófitos de Pomahuaca, Cajamarca, Perú. Arnaldoa 10(2): 7-14.
Opisso M., J. & S.P. Churchill. 2008. Bryophytes from the environs of Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park, Department of Pasco, Peru. Bryologist. 111: 310-317. [32 hepatics, 2 hornworts and 100 mosses listed; 15 are new country records]
Reimers, H. 1926. Beiträge zur Bryophytenflora Südamerikas II. Die von G. Tessmann im ostperuanischen Urwaldgebiet im Jahre 1923 gesammelten Leber- und Laubmoose. Hedwigia 66: 76-78.
Robinson, H. 1971. Four new species of mosses from Peru. Phytologia 21: 389-393.
Roivainen, H. 1936. Macromitrium melini n. sp. ex Peru meridionali. Ann. Bot. Vanamo 6: 6-17.
Salazar Allen, N. & S. R. Gradstein. 1996. A report on the bryoflora of Perú. Pages 201-207. In: D. E. Wilson & A. Sandoval (eds.). Manu. The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
Schultze- Motel, W. & M. Menzel. 1987. Die Laubmoosflora im BRYOTROP-Transekt von Peru. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 88: 9-59.
Soukup, J. 1951. Algunas diatomeas del Perú Central y lista de los musgos peruanos. Bol. Soc. Peruan. Bot. 3: 67-78.
Soukup, J. 1955. Catalogo de la flora del Departamento de Puno. Biota 1: 70-91.
Sullivant, W. S. 1859. Cryptogamia of the United States Exploring Expedition. Musci. Philadelphia.
Thériot, I. 1922. Leptobryum escomeli Ther. sp. nov. Bryologist 25: 90-92.
Timme, S. L. 1985. Bryophyte floristics and ecological studies of the Amazon River basin, Department of Loreto, Peru. Ph.D. Dissertation, Mississippi State Univ.
Vargas, C. 1974. La flora del departamento de Madre de Dios (Perú). 93 pp. Lima.
Williams, R. S. 1903. Bolivian mosses, I. Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 104-134. [128 species listed, 26 as new species; also 9 species listed for Peru, 4 as new species.]
Williams, R. S. 1910. Bolivian mosses, II. Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 227-261. [188 species listed, 17 as new species; also 5 species listed for Peru, one as a new species.]
Williams, R. S. 1915. Mosses from the west coast of South America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 393-422. [Based on the collections of Rose & Rose, July-October 1914, from the countries of Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. Bolivia: 10 species; Chile: 9 species, 5 as new species; Peru: 26 species, 7 as new species.]
Williams, R. S. 1916. Peruvian mosses. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 323-334.
Williams, R. S. 1926. Peruvian mosses. Bryologist 29: 37-38.
Williams, R. S. 1927. Mosses of Peru collected by the Captain Marshall Field Peruvian Expedition 1923. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. 4: 125-139.
Williams, R. S. 1928. Some apparently undescribed mosses from Peru, also new combinations. Bryologist 31: 109-115, pl. 10-16.
Young, K. R. & B. León. 1990. Catalogo de las plantas de la zona alta del Parque Nacional Río Abiseo, Peru. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. UNMSM, ser. B. 34: 1-37.
Zander, R. H. & E. Hegewald. 1976. Leptodontiella, gen. nov. and Leptodontium from Peru. Bryologist 79: 16-21.

Background References Related to the Peru Flora and Vegetation

Brako, L. & J. L. Zaruccchi. 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: i-xi, 1-1286.
Dorr, L. J. 1991. The vascular plant collections of R. S. Williams from Bolivia and Peru (1901-1902). Brittonia 43: 211-239.
Ulloa Ulloa, C., J.L. Zarucchi & B. León. 2004. Diez años de adiciones a la flora del Perú: 1993-2003. Arnaldoa Edición Especial Nov. 2004: 1-242. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/peru/diez_años_perú.shtml
Weberbauer, A. 1945. El mundo vegetal de los Andes Peruanos. Ministerio de Agricultura, Lima.
Young, K. R. & N. Valencia (eds). 1992. Biogeografía, ecología y conservación del bosque montano en el Perú. Mem. Museo Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado" 21:1-227.

Geographic Sources for Peru

Instituto Geografico Nacional. 1989. Atlas del Perú. Lima, Perú. [The best country atlas available among the Tropical Andean countries.]